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Students learn about the World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans from people who lived through it. This video depicts how students use metaphorical thinking to deepen their understanding using the thinking routine, Color-Symbol-Image.

Bayard Rustin believed deeply in the power of nonviolence during the era of segregation. In the following essay, he describes its use and effect on a bus ride from Louisville to Nashville.

In 1965, James Baldwin and William F. Buckley debated the American Dream’s effect on the America Negro. The debate took place at Cambridge University, and the spectating student body proclaimed Baldwin the winner by a landslide—164 to 44.

Kara Kondo: I can always picture [the scene]. The sun was setting and the crowd was gathering where the people — some of your friends — and there were hundreds of people there. Some were there to say goodbye, others came

“While in the Mindoka concentration camp, Idaho, during World War II, Frank Yamasaki refused his draft order. As a result, he was imprisoned at the McNeil Island Penitentiary, Washington.”

This video clip addresses reactions from Japanese Americans to the 8 p.m. curfew, forced imprisonment in internment camps, and creation of the 422nd Regimental Combat Team.

“Akiko Kurose grew up in Seattle, Washington. In this clip, she talks about how she felt when she heard that Japan had bombed Pearl Harbor.”

“Masao Watanabe grew up in Seattle, Washington, and during the war was initially sent to the 'assembly center' at the fairgrounds in Puyallup, Washington. In this video clip, he talks about his initial reactions upon arrival.”

“Tosh Yasutake’s father was arrested by the FBI after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and held in internment camps administered by the Department of Justice. The rest of the family was incarcerated in the Minidoka concentration camp, Idaho. Tosh volunteered for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team while still in camp. In this clip, he talks about making that decision.”